The Garden classification is a system for categorizing hip fractures, including intracapsular and femoral neck fractures. A Garden fracture affects the femoral head, which means that the blood supply to the femoral head is disrupted. In addition, these injuries often lead to osteoporosis of the hip joint. The following information will explain how Garden fractures are classified. The following table summarizes the classifications.
Garden I
The term garden is used to describe a variety of different things. The word itself derives from Middle Englishgardyn and Anglo-Normangardin, which both come from Proto-Germanic*gardo. The final -in comes from the Frankish inflected form *gardin, which in turn derives from the Romance diminutive of *gard. The word garden is also used in the context of belonging to a garden.
The economics of household gardening play a large role in the type of garden one can create. Subsistence and budget gardens are two examples of home gardens. Gardening is a great way to boost the bioavailability of nutrients and increase your dietary intake. Ninez’s research is also interesting because it examines the economics of food production. She notes that home gardens are a popular way for people to supplement their incomes. And in most cases, they are not just for the rich.
Reliability
Reliability of the Garden classification has been studied to determine if it is reliable enough for clinical use. The Garden classification was shown to be more reliable than the AO classification and the Pauwels classification. It had higher intraobserver reliability than the AO and Pauwels classifications. It is not recommended for clinical use. It is moderately reliable, but it should not be used as a primary tool for evaluating a patient’s condition.
The Garden classification is more reliable than the AO and Pauwels classification. Both are not completely successful. The AO and Garden classifications show moderate interobserver reliability, but there is little difference between them. This is due to the fact that the Garden classification is more accurate than the AO and Pauwels classifications. Reliability of garden classification is dependent on the experience of the observers.
The Garden classification is generally more reliable than the AO/OTA classification, which is the most commonly used in clinics. Its reliability also varies with the complexity of the classification system. The more complicated the classification, the less reliable it is. Moreover, it has limited clinical relevance and cannot predict the risk of malunion or avascular necrosis. As a result, it should not be used as a primary tool for evaluating femoral neck fractures.
Patient outcomes
To compare patient outcomes after AO, Garden, and simple II stage classification, we compared two cross-tables. Patients were classified by observers according to the AO classification, and Garden and simple II stage classification by trauma surgeons. We calculated the interobserver agreement using Cohen kappa values. For AO classification, we reached a good agreement, and for Garden, we reached a moderate agreement. In this study, we present an overall reliability of 0.33.
Embden et al. (2009) classified 100 FNF cases using the Garden classification. Their results showed that three-quarters of patients were categorized as Garden I, with a high rate of consensus among physicians. The inter-observer kappa was 0.31. In addition, Garden I and III have similar patient outcomes when compared to the Garden classification. In a study conducted by Embden and colleagues, the rate of coincidence was 22% and 33%, respectively.
The Garden classification does not incorporate the location of the fracture on the femoral neck. A subcapital femoral neck fracture is at a higher risk for nonunion and avascular necrosis, while a subcapital fracture is more likely to result in avascular necrosis. This is a significant weakness of Garden classification, and further research should be conducted to evaluate the resiliency of this system in femoral neck fractures.